Which type of generators typically has better governor response characteristics?

Hydro-electric generators typically exhibit better governor response characteristics due to their ability to adjust output rapidly in response to changes in grid frequency or load demands. This is largely attributed to the mechanics of how they operate. Hydro-electric systems utilize the gravitational force of water falling through turbines, which allows for immediate adjustments in water flow and, consequently, power generation.

The quick response time of hydro-electric generators is further enhanced by their ability to ramp up or down instantly. When there is a drop in load or frequency, operators can release more water from the reservoir, providing additional power almost instantaneously. Conversely, when there is an excess of power, they can reduce flow to lower generation.

In contrast, steam turbine generators and nuclear generators have longer response times due to the thermal inertia of their systems; they require time to adjust steam generation or reactor output, which doesn't allow for immediate changes in electrical output. Gas turbines can respond fairly quickly, but generally not as rapidly as hydro-electric generators. Thus, the characteristics of hydro-electric generators make them particularly well-suited for frequency regulation and quick response to grid fluctuations.