Which factor has the least impact when changing power angles?

When considering the impact of various factors on power angle changes, reactive power is the one that typically has the least influence. The power angle primarily affects active power flow in a system, which is essential for the delivery of real power from generation to load. The active power flow is heavily dependent on the sine of the angle difference between the sending and receiving end, making it a significant factor in determining power flows.

Frequency stability is crucial for electric systems as it correlates with the balance between generation and load. When power angles change, particularly in synchronous systems, it can affect the system frequency. Therefore, frequency stability is a considerable factor in the context of power angle changes.

Thermal limits involve the physical constraints of transmission lines and equipment. Changes in power angles can result in increased power flow, potentially leading to thermal overloads that exceed system components' ratings. Thus, thermal limits are an important consideration, especially in terms of maintaining system reliability and safety.

In contrast, while reactive power is necessary for voltage regulation and overall system stability, its direct relationship with power angle changes is less critical. The impact on reactive power involves the management of voltage levels rather than affecting the flow of active power. Since reactive power does not directly dictate the real power transfer, its role