Which component primarily ensures compliance with power flow equations in a power system?

The component that primarily ensures compliance with power flow equations in a power system is CPS1, which stands for Control Performance Standard 1. This standard is part of the NERC reliability standards that focus on the control of active power (frequency) in interconnected power systems.

CPS1 measures the actual generation response versus what is required to maintain system frequency. It calculates the performance of generating units in maintaining their scheduled generation and ensuring that their outputs align with the intended power flow in the grid. By focusing on frequency control and active power management, CPS1 plays a crucial role in ensuring that the mathematical equations governing power flows are satisfied, thereby promoting system reliability and stability.

In contrast, while the droop governor, CPS2, and voltage regulator have essential roles in a power system, they focus on different aspects. The droop governor deals with controlling generator output in response to changes in system frequency but does not explicitly ensure compliance with power flow equations. CPS2, while related to control performance, measures a different aspect of system performance related to the control of reactive power. Voltage regulators are responsible for maintaining voltage levels within specified limits but do not directly address compliance with power flow equations. These components work in conjunction to support overall system stability but are not primarily responsible for